Temporal and spatial variations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">δ</Emphasis><Superscript>15</Superscript>N and <Emphasis Type="Italic">δ</Emphasis><Superscript>18</Superscript>O for atmospheric N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O above the oceanic surface from Shanghai to Antarctica     

RenBin Zhu  YaShu Liu  Hua Xu  Jing Ma  LiGuang Sun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(6):899-910

During the 22nd Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE-22), the atmospheric gas samples above the oceanic surface and near the surface were collected on the track for the scientific ship “Xuelong” and on Millor Peninsula of eastern Antarctica, respectively, using the Tedlar gas bags. Every day the sampling times were 10:00 and 22:00 (local time), respectively. In the laboratory, high-precision measurement of the isotopic compositions for N₂O in these gas samples was conducted using Thermo Finnigan MAT-253 Isotopic Mass Spectrometer with a fully automated interface for the pre-GC concentration (PreCon) of trace gases. The temporal and spatial variations of δ ¹⁵N and δ ¹⁸O in atmospheric N₂O were analyzed. The mean δ ¹⁵N and δ ¹⁸O-N₂O values above the oceanic surface were (7.21±0.50)‰ and (44.52±0.52)‰, respectively. From 30°N to Antarctica, the δ ¹⁵N (6.05‰–7.88‰) linearly increased with the rate of about 0.01‰ with the latitude while the δ ¹⁸O (43.05‰–48.78‰) showed a large fluctuation. The δ ¹⁵N negatively correlated with air temperature and N₂O concentration, and slightly positively correlated with δ ¹⁸O. The summertime variations of δ ¹⁵N and δ ¹⁸O-N₂O appeared the same trend on Millor Peninsula of eastern Antarctica. They significantly positively correlated with each other and negatively with N₂O concentration. The δ ¹⁵N and δ ¹⁸O-N₂O at different sites averaged (7.42±0.35)‰ and (44.69±0.49)‰, respectively, slightly higher than those above the oceanic surface, significantly higher than those of atmospheric N₂O in the low-latitude regions of Northern Hemisphere. The predominant factors affecting the spatial variations of δ ¹⁵N and δ ¹⁸O values were also discussed. The isotopic data given in this study can help to investigate the global and regional N₂O budgets. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40676005 and 40406001)  相似文献   

基于中国东港台站的OH气辉成像观测数据对重力波波源的事件分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王翠梅  李钦增  徐寄遥  孙龙昌  袁韡 《地球物理学报》2018,61(6):2198-2206

利用东港（40°N,124°E）台站于2013年9月15—16日的OH气辉成像观测数据报告了两个重力波事件（1和2）.同时,结合北京十三陵（40.3°N,116.2°E）台站的多普勒流星雷达风场数据和位于39.4°N,130.6°E位置处的SABER/TIMED卫星的温度参数分析发现,观测的两个重力波事件于2013年9月15—16日02∶00—03∶00 LT时间段,和70~110 km高度是自由传播的.利用反射线追踪方法分析表明,重力波事件1和事件2分别产生于（39.3°N,117.2°E）和（47.1°N,121.3°E）.且事件1的波源位置与对流活动和大气向上向下运动过程中产生的不稳定性吻合较好.然而,通过ECMWF再分析资料和MTSAT卫星观测数据分析表明,事件2可能由对流活动或大气向上运动过程中可能产生的不稳定性导致.利用MERRA自地面到约70 km高度的风场数据分析表明,观测的重力波事件1和事件2的水平相速度分别是83.5 m·s^-1（事件1）和80.1 m·s^-1（事件2）,均大于低层-中层大气风速-10~45 m·s^-1.因此,观测的两个重力波事件是可能从低层大气传播到中层-低热层大气的.  相似文献   

A variational derivation of the thermodynamics of a moist atmosphere with rain process and its pseudoincompressible approximation     

François Gay-Balmaz 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2019,113(5-6):428-465

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Traffic ‐and Industry‐Related Air Pollution Exposure Assessment in an Asian Megacity          下载免费PDF全文

Muhammad Usman Alvi  Farrukh Chishtie  Imran Shahid  Tariq Mahmud  Riaz Hussain 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(1)

Like other Asian countries, Pakistan is facing the issue of air pollution due to rapid urbanization, enormous transportation increases, and other related human activities. Moreover, continuously increasing emission sources have not only raised pollutant concentrations but also their types, thus damaging both human health and the environment. Faisalabad is the third largest megacity of Pakistan and its state of air quality is getting worse due to factors such as industrialization, high traffic volumes, and extensive fossil‐fuel‐burning activities. This review article aims to highlight the present status of air pollution in this city with special reference to particulate matter, elemental profiles, gaseous pollutants, organic–inorganic particulate contents as well as their sources. The concentration levels of these entities were also compared with other national and international cities, and related environmental standards. It is found that current levels of these pollutants are beyond safety limits as specified by various environment protection agencies and organizations. Several weak aspects and gaps are also identified along with suggestions for improvements of the present situation and directions for future research.  相似文献   

重庆两场森林火灾蔓延特征的数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

王宇虹  陈仲榆  杨晓丹  赵鲁强  袁晓玉  梁莉 《气象科技》2024,52(2):205-217

为了深入认识同时段内发生的两场森林火灾蔓延特征以及大气、地形等对不同林火行为的影响,进而为多起林火扑灭火工作提供科学支撑,选取 2022年8月17日发生在涪陵两场森林火灾,利用高分辨率地理信息、植被数据和气象数据对两场林火行为进行分析研究,同时运用林火-大气耦合WRF Fire（Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Fire Module）模式进行数值模拟。研究发现：①受深厚高压控制,两场林火是在持续高温、干燥背景下发生的,气象干旱等级达到重旱,火险气象等级高。②模式模拟风向风速变化与实况较为一致,基本体现出火场风向和风速突变,表明WRF Fire模式可以较准确地再现火场蔓延情况。③基于林火蔓延特征时间和空间变化可将大梁山林火发展分为6个阶段、北山坪林火分为4个阶段,造成直线距离相隔4.4 km两个火场蔓延发展程度不同的原因在于地形差异造成的局地风场差异。  相似文献   

利用激光雷达测量重力波三维结构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郭文杰  闫召爱  胡雄  郭商勇  宋亮  程永强  崔洪鲁 《地球物理学报》2020,63(2):394-400

激光雷达观测得到的密度、温度等数据被广泛应用于大气重力波研究.瑞利激光雷达可以获取激光路径上的大气密度、温度数据.对于大气中的三维波动而言,单条路径上的观测参量能提取得到的波动信息有限.本文首先以单色重力波为例,分析了利用激光雷达直接观测三维波动结构的可行性.激光雷达垂直观测即可得到重力波的垂直波长,当激光雷达以一定的天顶角斜向测量时,所得到的波长包含了重力波的垂直波长以及水平波长信息.因此,利用激光雷达同时以三个方向(垂直、向南(天顶角30°)以及向西(天顶角30°))测量,可以提取得到重力波的垂直波长和水平波长.本文利用中国科学院国家空间科学中心研制的车载532nm瑞利激光雷达的经向系统和纬向系统同时以不同的指向角观测大气重力波,对利用激光雷达获取三维波动结构的方法进行了分析研究.本文给出了北京地区激光雷达观测重力波的诸多案例,分析了30~60km高度范围内北京地区大气重力波的垂直及水平波长信息.并以2017年11月7日观测的准单色重力波为例,结合再分析资料的风场数据,分析了该重力波的水平波长,垂直波长及传播方向等信息.  相似文献   

Modeling helioseismic modes in the magnetic atmosphere of the Sun     

B. Pintr 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2007,328(8):738-742

The pulsation of the solar surface is caused by acoustic waves traveling in the solar interior. Thorough analyses of observational data indicate that these f and p helioseismic oscillation modes are not bounced back completely at the surface but they partially penetrate into the atmosphere. Atmospheric effects and their possible observational application are investigated in one‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic models. It is found that f and p mode frequencies are shifted of the order of μHz due to the presence of an atmospheric magnetic field. This shift varies with the direction of the wave propagation.Resonant coupling of global helioseismic modes to local Alfvén and slow waves reduce the life time of the global modes. The resulting line width of the frequency line is of the order of nHz, and it also varies with propagation angle. These features enable us to use helioseismic observations in magnetic diagnostics of the lower atmosphere. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

土壤水分及土壤-大气界面对麦田水热传输的作用   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

刘苏峡  莫兴国  李俊  刘伟东 《地理研究》1999,18(1):24-30

文章根据1996年在中国栾城农业生态试验站观测的田间试验资料,分析了土壤水分和土壤-大气界面对麦田水热传输的抑制和加速作用。对于显热和潜热输送,土壤水分起决定作用,土壤水分越小,显热通量越大,潜热通量越小,反之亦然。只在土壤水分较小时界面厚度对显热和潜热输送作用较大。对于土壤热输送,界面厚度起决定作用,界面厚度越大土壤热通量越小。分析还发现60cm深处土壤水势与叶水势和大气水势的相关系数较其它深度处的土壤水势大。0～60cm土层是确定土壤水分运动对界面水热传输影响的一个良好的指示层。  相似文献   

High sensitivity polarimetry     

A.M. Gandorfer 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2003,324(4):318-322

Over the last decade spectro‐polarimetry evolved to ever higher sensitivity levels. New techniques and instruments allow us to address weak polarization signals, which are caused by scattering in the solar atmosphere. In this paper a review on the development of spectro‐polarimetric investigations of scattering physics and its coupling to the solar magnetic field will be given. Starting from a technical point of view it will be demonstrated how our understanding of scattering phenomena and their role in solar physics in general has reached its current state. An outlook on future spectro‐polarimetry with new large solar telescopes concludes this review.  相似文献   

一次典型的区域性降水天气过程分析     

谢东  于莉莉  陈韶华  辛志远  刘亚琴 《内蒙古气象》2011,(5):12-13

高空槽配合低空切变线和地面低压,在渤海水汽通道建立,强烈的辐合上升运动和大气层结不稳定条件下,使锡林郭勒盟南部产生大雨天气。  相似文献